Caffeine
Caffeine has antioxidant, circulation-promoting, and soothing properties. It also has an unmatched ability to de-puff eyes, visibly brighten dark circles, and firm and tone skin.
Being a powerful antioxidant, caffeine can help protect skin from damaging oxidative stress caused by pollution, environmental triggers, and UV exposure.
Caffeine is a vasoconstrictor (an agent that narrows blood vessels) which is thought to help with reducing the appearance of puffy eyes and dark circles. It also helps flush fluids from underneath the skin, so it can reduce visible water retention in the face. Topical application of too much caffeine can lead to dehydrated skin, so balance is key.
Caffeine has anti-inflammatory properties to calm and soothe skin. It can also reduce the appearance of redness in rosacea sufferers as it constricts blood vessels leading to less flushing.
